As land, labour and other production costs rise in China’s southern provinces, producers are moving north and inland. In the Southern province of Guangdong, ocean exports from manufacturers there fell by more than 5% last year. Shanghai also saw a reduction in exports last year. Containerised ocean exports from Chongqing, further north increased about 43% in 2012 year on year, even though the province is inland and a long distance from the ports.